Learning objectives
The goal of the course is to give the student specific knowledge of the morphological and citological aspects of the reproductive apparatus and ability to understand the changes of the same in fertilization, in pregnancy and in any pathological changes.
Course unit content
The course is carried out in two parts. The first concerns the general morphological characteristics of the different systems and constituents of the human body systems. The second part of the course is centered on the male and reproductive apparatus with insights on both the macroscopic, topographical cytological and structural aspects, with particular attention to cyclical hormonal fluctuations.
Full programme
Introduction, definition and identification of anatomical plans and regions. Locomotor system
- Bone skeleton (axile, hints on the skull and the skeleton of the limbs).
-Articulations of the pelvis (sacro-iliac articulation and pubic symphysis) and notes on the main joints.
-Main muscles of the trunk, abdominal muscles and diaphragm.
Cardiovascular system
Heart (generality, tissues, blood supply and general information on the conduction system).
Main arteries and veins of the adult. Particularity of the fetal circulation (duct of Aranzio and Botallo). General information on blood and serotype.
Genital apparatus
Perineum in the male and in the female (superficial and deep space). Pelvic space. Pelvic floor muscles (uro-genital diaphragm, pelvic diaphragm, uro-genital triangle). Main arteries and veins of the pelvic cavity.
Female genital apparatus (localization and anatomic relationships of ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina). Ovarian cycle and uterine cycle. Blood circulation of ovaries and uterus. Breast
Male genital apparatus (localization and anatomical relationships of testicles, epididymis and attached glands such as prostate and seminal vesicles). Blood circulation of the testicles.
Endocrine system
General information on the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal glands and pancreas.
Digestive system
General information on the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver and exocrine portion of the pancreas.
Urinary system
General information on kidney, bladder and urethra.
Respiratory system
General information on nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Overview of respiratory mechanics.
Nervous system
General information on the skeletal and autonomic nervous system. About brain, diencephalon, midbrain, bridge, medulla and cerebellum. Spinal cord. Meninges. General information on the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system.
Bibliography
Martini,Timmons, Tallitsch-Human Anatomy- EdiSES
BARBATELLI et al.– Anatomia Umana, Fondamenti. Ediz. Edi Ermes
Teaching methods
Lectures.
Lectures will be supported by slide presentations, which will be available to students on the Elly platform (https://elly2024.medicina.unipr.it/).
