Learning objectives
The primary aim of the course is to give to the students a knowledge of Anatomy in which the applicative aspects prevail; in this way, they will be able to acquire useful knowledge for dealing with clinical and inspection subjects. At the end of the course, the student is familiar with the limits, relationships and stratigraphy of the regions of the animal body, the relationships between the organs contained in the splanchnic cavities and the course and fate of the vessels and nerves therein. Through the practical activities the student will acquire practical skills and competences in distinguishing the main repere points of the body and in recognising the position, relationships and projection on the body surface of the organs present in the splanchnic cavities. At the end of the course the student should have acquired a three-dimensional view of the animal body, in its surface characteristics and internal organisation.
D1- KNOWLEDGE AND CAPACITY TO UNDERSTAND: At the end of the training activity, the student must demonstrate knowledge of the limits, relationships and stratigraphy of the regions of the animal body, the relationships between the organs contained in the splanchnic cavities and the path and of the vessels and nerves present here located.
D2-AABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: At the end of the training activity, the student must demonstrate the ability to project deep structures onto the body regions, with a three-dimensional cognitive approach, as if the surface of the animal body were transparent.
D3-AUTONOMY OF JUDGEMENT: at the end of the training activity the student will be able to assess the proper site for investigating specific anatomical structures. D4- COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS: at the end of the training activity the student will be able to describe, using the specific terminology, the body regions, relationships and visceral projections.
D5- LEARNING ABILITY: at the end of the training activity the student will be able to autonomously learn concepts of topography and visceral projection in species not covered in the course or emerging from new studies, he/she will also have a better understanding of the images that can be obtained through the different radio-diagnostic techniques.
Prerequisites
Previous course in Normal Veterinary Anatomy is compulsory.
Course unit content
In the first part of the course will be treated arguments of Regional Anatomy, that are the regions of the domestic mammals body, in particular of carnivora, erbivora and pigs. The regions will be studied considering: limits, relations, layer relations, vascularization and innervation.
In the second part of the course, the topography of organs of different apparatuses of the species above mentioned will be treated. The topography, the relations with other organs and the superficial projection on the animal body will be studied.
In the third part of the course basic knowledges of avian and fish anatomy.
Full programme
The detailed programme of the Topographic Anatomy course can be found on the course webpage.
Bibliography
In addition to the texts listed below, students in their Course page, will have at their disposal: the detailed course syllabus, the material provided by the lecturer as support for the lectures, and work schemes to deal with the Theoretical-Practical activity. Moreover, at the Veterinary Anatomical Museum "A Lemoigne" there are ,in addition to the collection of anatomical preparations, six computers where virtual Anatomy software of the different species covered in the course are loaded.
Bibliography:
Grandis A., Cozzi B. "Anatomia veterinaria regionale e applicata".
Merighi A.: "Anatomia applicata e Topografia
regionale veterinaria".
Ed. Piccin
Popesko P.: “Atlante di Anatomia Topografica degli Animali Domestici"
Ed. Grasso & Edimediche,
Budras K.D. “Anatomy of Dog”
Ed. Schlutersche
Boyd J.S. “Atlante a colori di Anatomia Clinica del Cane e del Gatto”
Ed. Masson
Done S.H.: Atlante di Anatomia Veterinaria” Ed. Utet
Teaching methods
The course is divided in theoretical (60 hours) and practical (20 hours) activities. The frontal lectures of the course take place in multimedia-equipped classrooms, using powerpoint presentations, aided by 3D anatomy software and anatomical atlases based on various imaging methods. During the theoretical lectures, the lecturer will propose sessions of self-assessment of acquired knowledge through the use of interactive team tests (e.g. Kahoot).
The practical lessons take place in the specially equipped dissection room, in order to enable the student to acquire the skill of dissecting the animal body. During the hours of practical teaching, the student has at his disposal cadavers of carnivores, small ruminants, pigs, hens and equine foetuses, as well as cadaver parts such as limbs, hands and feet of various species, and is personally involved in all operations aimed at
assess the morphology and limits of the various superficial regions;
perform dissection of them to assess their stratigraphy;
highlight the vascular-nervous component;
highlight the various projection areas of the organs on the surface of the body;
perform the inspection of animal body cavities to assess the topography of the various organs contained therein.
The student is also provided with anatomical models and preparations forming part of the Veterinary Anatomical Museum.
Assessment methods and criteria
The examination consists of an oral test, structured in 3 questions
randomly identified by the computer, divided into the following groups:
1 question on regional anatomy
1 question on visceral topography
1 question relating to lymphocentres /avian anatomy
In order to assess the student's preparation, the lecturer may use plastic models or anatomical preparations from the Veterinary Anatomical Museum. In formulating the answers, the student must demonstrate a good knowledge of the division of the animal body into regions and their stratigraphy, the organisation of the body cavities and the topography of the organs here contained; for each organ it is request to know the projection on the body surface. Finally, the student must demonstrate in-depth knowledge of the location and organisation of the various lymphocentres and basic knowledge of avian anatomy. The result of the exam is associated with the overall assessment of the answers given by the student to the 3 proposed topics; the assessment for each topic is made in tenths.
Even one severely insufficient answer (less than 4 out of 10) renders the examination void. The final mark, the result of the average of the three assessments, is expressed in thirtieths. Students diagnosed with specific learning disorders (DSA), certified in accordance with law no. 170/2010, will be granted the facilities provided for by law.
Other information
Tools to support teaching activities:
Veterinary Anatomical Museum, workstations with 3D anatomy software.
