Learning objectives
To allow students in Veterinary Medicine to know and understand the main surgical tools and procedures and the basic elements of anesthesiology.
D1 – KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
At the end of the training the student must demonstrate to be able to:
1. define the main basic concepts regarding orthopedic and soft tissue surgery and anesthesia of animals, including laboratory animals and exotic pets;
2. know and understand surgical instruments and techniques useful to perform a surgical procedure;
3. know, understand and discuss anesthetic techniques and managements related to the species, pathology, procedure and physical status of the patient;
4. know the current rules regarding ethics code, drug management and animal welfare.
D2 – APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDESTANDING
At the end of the training the student must demonstrate to be able to:
1. apply the basic concepts of orthopedic and soft tissue surgery and to plan a surgery;
2. formulate a suitable anesthetic protocol for the patient in relation to the species, pathology and procedure;
3. discuss a clinical case and to point out tools and techniques useful to perform a surgical procedure taking into account of animal welfare.
D3 – MAKING JUDGEMENTS
At the end of the training the student will be able to judge clinical cases in relation to the pathologies:
1. choosing autonomously the surgical medical tools more suitable to deal with a surgery;
2. choosing the approrpiate surgical materials, instrumentation and surgical procedure;
3. formulating autonomously the most suitable anesthetic protocols and managements.
D4 – COMMUNICATION SKILLS
At the end of the training the student must demonstrate to be able to:
1. express ideas, opinions and concepts regarding the main surgical tools and procedures and the basic elements of anesthesiology with
appropriate words;
2. read, translate, understand and summarize scientific reports in Italian and English languages;
3. quickly identify the topic of a scientific discussion, express clearly with appropriate words and give own contribution to the topic;
4. communicate clearly and comprehensibly with the owner with the aim to expose the basics of the surgical procedure and the problems and risks related to the anesthesia.
D5 – LEARNING SKILLS
At the end of the training the student must be able to:
1. find and learn independently the new scientific guidelines in the field of surgical tools and procedures and anesthesiology;
2. learn the proper manual dexterity of the basic surgical and anesthetic procedures;
3. understand the importance of pain therapy in order to improve postoperative outcome and to respect animal welfare;
4. develop actions to prevent and control pathologies that may require surgery and anesthesia.
Prerequisites
All of the courses provided for by the teaching regulations (pharmacology-toxicology-chemotherapy; Diagnostic imaging - Veterinary radiology - Surgical pathology)
Course unit content
The surgical operating room. Surgical instrumentation. Sterilization. Immobilization of the surgical patient. Injection. Hemostasis. Centesis. Cateterism.
Bandage. Patient preparation foe surgery. Principles of asepsis and antisepsis and antibiotic role. Surgical planning. Surgical theatre. Preparation of the surgeon. Dieresis and synthesis of soft tissues. Suture materials, surgical knots and sutures. Osteosynthesis: internal fixation (nail, screws, plates, cerclage), external fixation. Wound management. Drains. Nutritional support in hospitalised dogs and cats. Principles of anaesthesia in small and large animals, laboratory animals and exotic pets. Preanesthetic assessment. Preanesthetics. Injectable and inhalation anesthetics. Anesthetic machines and breathing systems. Ventilation. Monitoring. Locoregional anesthesia. Fluid therapy. Analgesia. Pain management in dog, cat, horse, cattle, swine, sheep, rabbit: preemptive Analgesia, intraoperative Analgesia, postoperative Analgesia, love tender care, acupuncture. Use of analgesics drugs for acute and chronic pain management: opioids, alpha2-agonists, NSAIDS, local anesthetic drugs, ketamine, corticosteoids, amantadine, gabapentin.
Anesthesia for selected diseases. Anesthetic emergencies.
Full programme
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Bibliography
Fossum Theresa Welch: Chirurgia dei Piccoli Animali. Masson Editore.
Slatter Douglas: Chirurgia dei piccoli animali. Antonio Delfino Editore. Antonio Delfino Editore.
Federico Corletto: Anestesia del cane e del gatto. Poletto Editore.
Bufalari Lachin: Anestesia - Cane, gatto e animali non convenzionali.
Elsevier.
Lumb & Jones: Veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. Blackwell Publishing
Teaching methods
Lectures and practical sessions.
Assessment methods and criteria
The check of learning outcome described by the descriptors D1 and, in part, D2 and D3 will be made through an oral examination. The questions aim at verify knowledge, understanding and making judgments even in choosing, in practice, the most suitable solution for a clinical case.
Some of the learning outcomes described by descriptors D2, D3 and D4 and all of those of D5 will not be evaluated. Nevertheless during the practical sessions the students, divided into small groups, must be analyze and evaluate a clinical case and, with the aid of the professor, find a solution to the problem.
The oral exam consists of 3 questions: the first on a topic of anesthesiology (e.g., propofol, loco-regional anesthesia of the thoracic limb, dexmedetomidine, etc.); the second question will focus on a topic of propedeutics (e.g., haemostasis techniques, bladder
catheterization, skin suture); the third will be the discussion of a clinical case (also with the presentation of images) from the preanaesthesiological
evaluation to the diagnostics findings, from the choice of the anesthetic protocol to the management of any complications. Each answer will be assigned a score from 0 to 10; the final score will be the sum of the 3 previous scores.
Students with SLD, BES or disabilities must send requests to be able to take advantage of compensatory and/or dispensatory measures at the exam site at least 10 working days before the date scheduled for the exam by email addressed to the professor in charge of the course and in
cc to the Department contact person (list of contact persons and related email addresses available here http://cai.unipr.it/it/student-con-dsa-e-conbes/42/) and to the Reception and Inclusion Center (cai@unipr.it).
Other information
Indications will be given on how to carry out a bibliographic search and
how to read and critically review the information contained in scientific
articles.
